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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAiri  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historicai  IVIicroreproductions  /  institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  hes  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


Q 


Coloured  covers/ 
"^ '    Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


D 
D 


D 


Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  res'..aur6e  et/uu  peilicul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


n 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdri^aure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  fiimdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6tA  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dins  la  m^thode  normals  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


D 
D 
D 
□ 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pagf.s  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcoiordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualiti  in^gaie  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errat.^,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film6es  d  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meiiieure  image  possible. 


Thie  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


y 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 


30X 


24X 


28X 


D 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  hare  haa  baan  raproducad  thanka 
to  tha  ganaroaity  of: 

University  of  Alberta 
Edmonton 


L'axamplaira  filmA  fut  raproduit  grdca  A  la 
ginirositA  da: 

University  of  Alberta 
Edmonton 


Tha  imagaa  rppaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
poaslbia  conaldaring  tha  condition  and  lagibillty 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  apacifieationa. 


Las  images  suivantas  ont  M  reproduiteii  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin,  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  et 
da  la  nettet*  de  I'exemplaira  filmA,  et  en 
conformity  avac  lea  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmaga. 


Original  copiee  in  printed  paper  covera  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  laat  page  with  a  printed  or  illuatratad  imprea- 
nion.  or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copiee  ara  filmed  beginning  on  the 
firat  page  with  a  printed  or  illuatratad  Impraa- 
sion,  and  ending  on  the  laat  page  with  a  printed 
or  illuatratad  impreaaion. 


The  laat  recorded  freme  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  appliea. 


Lea  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  an 
papier  est  imprim^e  sont  fiimAs  er  commandant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  jtoit  par  la 
darnlAre  paje  qui  comporte  une  arnpreinte 
d'impreasicn  ou  fi'illustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  le  ca'i.  Tous  las  autrrs  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  '/ilmte  an  commanqant  par  la 
pramiAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreaaic^i  ou  d'illuatration  at  en  terminant  par 
la  darniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  dee  symbolaa  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
caa:  le  symbole  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symboie  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Mapa.  plates,  charta,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratio*.  Thoae  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  expoaure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  framea  aa 
required.  The  following  diagrama  illuatrate  the 
method: 


Lea  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  rMuction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  9zt  filmi  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  i  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  baa,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imagea  n^cessaira.  Las  diagrammes  suivants 
illuatrent  la  mithode. 


1  2  3 


1  2  3 

4  5  6 


CoMPLiMr-;NTs  or 

HENRY  H,  HURLBUT. 


44  So  I  Til  Aw  St, 


CHICAG-O. 


SiH^mni^iPSm^Sil^KLilH^l^^Dlffi^ffiiiPlilill 


'v'. 


^ 


■% 


J:/. 


■tl 


.■Jv>  •' 


-i!^^: 


'^V:;^. 


r' 


•'4>. 


-vtv 


..?  ■  •     ■         ■  • 


**:?^'' 


Samuel  de  (Jhamplain; 


'ir'.' 


A    SHORT    SKETCH 


Henry. 


\ 


'■'.   '•P'j'y''''  v*'," 


,;.[. 


Q45Hr7 


j^r^n^lffl^M^il^gn^ni^^i^ni^^ 


56  61 


'■"fr 


^^Z  ^//;^o 


V 


Samuel  de  ChamplaiN; 


A  HKii;i''  sKiacii 

(II    riiK 
'.MINK.Nl'    NAVI(;.\roK    AM)    I  )lSi  OVKKKk. 


KlAl>     IlKIOKK      IHK     ClIKACO     1 1  I  S  I  i »  R  |  c  A  L     Socll-IY. 
I'lKSDAS      Mn  K.\  INd,    OcidllKk     2  O.     iSS,, 


liV 


HENRY   H.  HURLHUT. 


A    l-ORTKAIT  OK  TIIK  GRKAT  EXI'LORKK, 

rAiMKi)  i;v 

MiSN  Harriki    p.  HuRLiiur, 

Was  (IN    I  ill.-.  uccASiM.v  Preskni  kd  in  hkk  namm   ro   riii-.  xmikia-. 


i-;:;-.!!!. 


'J,  J"  "5> 


CHICAGO: 
FEJKil'S    1'1MNT1N(!    COMI'ANY. 

1885. 


\ 


rUBRARYTrHE  UNlVOSnt 
'  Of  ALBERTA 


« 


II  I  ^  I  II  K  K    \  I      Sim    I  I.  I  s      KiMiMs, 
ClIIiAi.ii,   (  )L-tiihei-    22,    ISS5. 
HJKAI.    M  Is^    111  Ul  111  T: 

I   have  tlie  liuiinr  to  irtfuini   yuii  tliat   at  a  (Jiiartuily   Mccliiii,'  of  llie 

('liioaL;(>   Historical   Society,   held  on  the  20th  iiist.,  on  motion  of  Hon.    Mark 

Skinncf  the  thanks  of  the   Society  were  tinaniinoiisly  temlereil    to  you    for   the 

excellent    and    valuable    portrait    of    Samuel    ile   Champlain   you    so    generously 

presented  to  the  Society. 

\'ery  respectfully. 

Al.KI.IM     1 ).    IlvcicK, 
Miss   Haukiki    r.  IliKi.iii- 1,  Chicago.  .Secniorv. 


The  thanks  of  the   Historical  Society  were  also  yivcn  to   Mr.   Hurlhut  for 
the  I'aper  read   liy  him  on  evenintj  of  ()ctol)er  20,  1SS5. 


018262 


Samuel  dk  Champlain. 


M  u.    I'KK.si  hi;  N  r   and    M  k  m  ii  k  r  s   m-    tiik    II  is  i'oric  \i,   Soiii.iv, 

I.A  PI  KS     AND     (iKN  ri.KMKN  : 

FROM  the  enlarged  notes  of  ;i  work  now  in  preparation 
by  myself  and  intended  for  publication,  to  be  entitled 
"Our  Inland  Seas  and  Early  Lake  Navij^ation,"  I  will,  with 
your  leave,  read  a  sketch,  or  rather  an  imperfect  outline 
portrayal,  of  the  movements  in  the  life  of  the  first  white 
man  who  came  within  the  basin  of  the  ^reat  /Vmerican 
Lakes;  the  first  l^uropean,  I  may  say,  that  saw  and  navi- 
gated not  only  the  small  yet  storied  body  of  water  drained 
by  the  Sorel,  but  that  of  Lake  Ontario;  and  who,  further- 
more, was  the  first  who  looked  upon  the  face  of  Lake  Huron. 
I  need  not  suggest  that  there  is  an  evident  propriety  for  the 
Historical  Society  of  the  greatest  City  of  the  Lakes  to  pay 
at  least  some  tribute  to  the  memory  of  our  earliest  explorer, 
who  passed  over  the  waters  of  Lake  Ontario  more  than  sixty 
years  before  LaSalle  built  Fort  Frontenac  by  its  banks,  and 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  before  either  Joliet  or 
Marquette,  the  first-known  white  men  at  Chicago,  were  born. 
I  speak  of  Samuel  de  Champlain. 

Though  James  Carticr,  in  1535,  passed  up  the  St.  Law- 
rence River  as  far  as  the  Island  of  Ilochelaga,  to  which  he 
gave  the  name  of  Monte  Royal,  yet  singular  as  it  seems,  he 
nor  any  other  European,  as  far  as  we  know,  never  reached 
any  of  our  great  Lakes  for  three- fourths  of  a  century  suc- 
ceeding. 


'>  SAMI   I.I.    hi.   (fl AMI'I   \I\. 

Samiul  (Ic  (  iiaiiipl.iiii  w.is  tlir  sdii  ot'  Antoiiic  di'  (  ham- 
plain  (a  captain  in  the  I-Vcnch  iiiaiMic),  and  thi'  maiden  nanu- 
of  his  mother  was  Mar^aierite  Liioy;  he  was  bom  in  the 
villa^'e   (if    Hiouai^c,    in    the   anrient    I'rovinee   of   SaintonMi., 

al)out  the  )-eaf  1307.      Little   is   known  of  the  ho\  h 1   das's 

of  Ch.implain;  in's  home-\  illai^i'  was  a  foitilied  town,  .md  its 
liarhor,  axailahU.-  for  lai!_;e  slnps,  u.i^  called  one  of  the  best 
in  I'lanee.  Not  onl)-  was  Urona^e  a  po-t  of  some  mihtai)- 
importaiue,  but  it  was  the  manufaeturin-;  centre  and  port  of 
shipment  of  a  larL;(  trade  in  .salt;  and  tliese  were  thi-  two 
j;reat  inti'ri-sts  of  ilic  peopK:  in  citadel  and  seaport  of  tin- 
bus\'  IhouaLjc. 

i)urinj4  many  years  of  C'hamplain's  early  life,  lironaL;e  was 
the  occasion  of  fri'(|uent  strny^lcs  of  contending  parties  for 
its  possession,  dmini^  the  civil  wars  of  the  time,  While  these 
vicissitudes  must  haw  l)een  perplexing  to  close  stud}-  in 
school,  and  while  (hamplain's  school  eilucation  was  no  doubt 
limited,  there  was  )et  a  discipline  in  that  misfortune,  ami  his 
active  habits  am!  excellent  common-sense  led  him  to  educate 
himself. 

It  was  no  slight  good  fortune  for  Champlain  that  he  often 
came  in  contact  with  men  of  iiigh  character,  connected  with 
the  military  and  commercial  departments  of  lirouagc.  It  is 
supposed  that  he  paid  considerable  attention  to  the  study 
and  practice  of  drawing,  as  his  aftcr-eftbrts  in  that  line  were, 
and  arc  still,  of  no  little  interest  and  value. 

I'^arly  in  the  )ear  1599,  he  was  in  command  of  a  large 
J^Vcnch  shi[),  chartered  by  the  Spanish  government  for  a  voy- 
age to  the  West  Indies.  Just  previously,  however,  he  had 
been  connected  with  the  iMench  army  as  ciuartermaster  for 
several  years,  yet  still  before  that  he  must  iiavc  had  practical 
experience  in  navigation;  indeed  he  acknowledged  the  fact, 


..-,¥ 


SAMliKI,    I)K   CIIAMI'I.AIN'.  7 

for  lif  has  ci'iifcsscil  tlir  fasciiiatioir  wliicli  .itlractcd  his  tail)' 
hfc  to  that  cinploynK'iit.  In  the  Spanish  voyaj^c  referred  to, 
inchidini^  not  merely  a  vii-w  of  \arioiis  West- India  Islands 
and  important  ports,  but  casting  his  anchor  in  tlu"  roadstead 
of  Sa-'  Juan  il'rilo.i  (then  as  loda\-  the  island  eastle  and 
di  feiiee  of  \'ei  •  Lru/.),  he  visited  not  menl)-  I'orto  IUIIm  on 
the  Isthmus,  by  a  native  sail-boat,  but  from  Vera  C'ru/.  he 
passed  inti  the  interior,  spendinj^f  a  month  at  the  City  of 
Mexico. 

This  vo\'a},'e  embraced  a  period  of  somewhat  o\er  iwo 
\-ears,  and  in  it  (hamplain  carried  out  a  purpose  of  his  own. 
which  was  to  make  e.\:ended  notes  and  drauin^^s  of  whatever 
seemed  worth  his  observation;  not  for  his  own  f^ratificalion 
merel}',  but  for  use  and  aiil  to  the  l'"rench  ^fovernment.  It 
was  ('han)plair.  that  made  tlu'  first  su^^estion  of  the  bene- 
fits to  be  derived  from  a  shi|)-canal  acrf)ss  the  Isthmus  of 
I'anama. 

It  is  understood  that  after  an  able  communication  b\' 
Champlain  to  his  own  government,""  rcgarilin|T  matters  and 
thiiiLjs  comin^f  withii.  i.is  notice  in  the  Spanish  possessions  of 
America,  he  was  honored  not  only  with  the  jjfift  of  a  j)ensioi) 
from  the  French  kin<^,  llenr\'  l\'.,  but  it  is  believed  that  from 
the  same  source  there  was  also  conferretl  upon  him  a  patent 
of  nobilit)'. 

In  March,  1603,  Champlain  first  sailed  for  northern 
America,  having;-  joined  the  expediti(jn  under  I'ont  (irave, 
which  had  been  orfjanized  by  (iov.  Aymer  de  Chastes.  The 
fleet  consistetl  of  two  bartiues  of  small  size,  accomi)anied  b)- 


*  'I'lie  Cull  aii(i  illiistrateil  account  of  that  voyage  to  Spanish  America  by 
(hamplaiii  conthmed  in  inaluiscript  more  than  two  centuries  ami  a  half,  hul 
in  1S59,  after  an  lMi;^lish  translation,  it  was  printed  in  London  by  the  Ilakluyt 
Society. 


SAMUKL   DR   CIIAMI'LAIN. 


one  or  more  craft  of  stilh  less  burthen,  and  arrived  in  the 
St.  Lawrence  River  at  a  place  called  Tadoussac,  at  the  mouth 
of  Saguenay  River. 

I  wish  to  make  here  a  slight  digression,  and  say  that  we 
have  no  authentic  knowledge  of  an  earlier  people  who  dwelt 
b\-  or  navigated  our  great  lakes  and  their  tributary  or  neigh- 
boring waters,  than  various  tribes  of  our  North-American 
Indians.  These  Indians,  we  are  to  presume,  were  the  in- 
ventors and  from  time  immemorial  have  been  the  manufact- 
urers of  that  famous  and  historic  little  craft,  the  birch-bark 
canoe.  The  first  description  which  we  have  ot  this  cai.  )e 
appears  identical  with  that  manufactured  by  our  northern 
Indians  of  toda\-.  Though  no  long  distances  very  far  from 
shore  were  often  attempted,  the  abilit}-  of  this  canoe  when 
well  managed,  even  in  a  pretty  rough  sea,  is  not  slight. 

The  Indian  canoes  of  the  old  fur-companies  W(Te  usually 
lartre,  of  some  four  or  fwc  tons  burthen.  How  many  cen- 
turies  previous!}'  they  may  have  been  in  use  we  have  no 
means  of  telling,  yet  two  hundred  and  eighty-two  years  ago, 
in  1603,  Champlain  met  them  at  the  Saguenay,  and  which  he 
afterward  spoke  of  as  "from  eight  to  nine  paces  long,  and 
about  a  pace  or  pace  and  a-half  broad  in  the  middle,  grow- 
ing narrower  toward  the  two  eids."  "They  arc  apt,"  said 
he,  "to  turn  over,  in  case  one  does  not  understand  managing 
them  and  are  made  of  birch  bark,  strengthened  on  the 
inside  by  little  ribs  of  white  cedar,  very  neatly  arranged; 
they  are  so  light  that  a  nan  can  easily  carry  one."  Said 
Gouverneur  Morris:  "Among  the  curiosities  of  newly-dis- 
covered America  was  the  Indian  canoe.  Its  slender  and  ele- 
gant form,  its  rapid  movement,  its  capacity  to  bear  burdens 
and  resist  the  rage  of  the  billows  and  torrents,  excited  no 
small  degree  of  admiration  for  the  skill  by  which  it  was  con- 


SAMUKL   DE   CHAM  PLAIN.  9 

structcd."  The  Chippewas  call  it  chc-maun,  and  it  was  this 
same  sort  of  vessel  in  which  Champlaiii  passed  into  lakes 
€hamplain,  Huron,  and  Ontario;  the  same  in  which  Joliet 
and  Marquette  voyaged  down  the  Mississippi,  the  same  in 
which,  differing  as  I  must  f'-oni  the  opinion  of  our  worthy 
secretary,  they  navigated  the  Chicago.  The  Society,  it  is 
noticed,  has  a  small  specimen  of  this  canoe. 

After  looking  a  few  miles  up  the  Saguenay,  (irave  and 
and  Champlain,  in  a  light  boat,  ascended  the  St.  Lawrence 
as  far  as  the  Falls  of  St.  Louis,  now  called  the  Lachine 
Rapids,  and  by  the  way  going  a  short  distance  on  what  the>' 
called  the  River  of  the  Iroquois,  now  known  as  the  Sorel  or 
Richelieu.  L'nable  to  pass  the  rapids  in  their  boat,  they 
returned  to  their  vessels  at  the  outlet  of  the  Saguenay. 

Upon  this  fust  visit  of  Champlain  to  the  St.  Lawrence,  he 
questioned  the  Indians  about  the  river  and  waters  above  and 
beyond  what  he  had  seen;  in  a  manner,  imperfectly  however, 
they  told  of  the  Rapids  of  the  upper  St.  Lawrence,  Lake 
Ontario,  the  Falls  of  Xiagarci,  Lake  Va\c,  and  the  Strait  of 
Detroit.  Of  anything  beyond  they  professed  no  knowledge. 
In  the  month  of  September  of  that  year,  1603,  Grave  and 
Champlain  reached  France.  Champlain  now  learned  that 
his  friend  de  Chastes  had  died  in  his  absence;  he  exhibited 
to  his  sovereign,  howev'er,  a  map  n-hich  he  had  drawn  of  the 
region  he  had  visited,  together  with  an  account  of  what  he 
had   learned. 

In  1604,  two  vessels  left  France,  having  Champlain  on 
board  one  of  them;  a  new  expedition  for  colonial  settlement 
in  America,  north  of  latitude  40^  N.,  having  been  organized 
by  Sieur  de  Monts.  Arriving  in  America,  and  passing  a 
severe  winter  at  a  temporary  station,  Champlain  after  thor- 
oughly exploring  the  coasts  of  New  England,  New  Bruns- 


lO 


SAMLKI,    I)K    (  IIAMI'I.AIX. 


wick,  and  Xcna  Scotia,  and  after  tliree  years  absence,  reached 
France  in  1607,  wiicre  he  spent  the  succeedint^  winter. 

Chaniphiin  is  distin_i;uished  for  his  surve}'  of  the  Xew- 
lui^dand  coast,  extending  also  to  the  northern  Hmits  of  Nova 
Scotia.  While  other  explorers  made  but  slight  examina- 
tions, imperfectly  desciibed,  his  account  is  thorough,  and, 
furthermore,  is  illustrated  by  drawings  of  the  seashore,  rivers, 
harbors,  etc. 

Again  Champlain  had  reached  the  St.  Lawrence,  in  June, 
1 60S,  and  while  a  barcjue  was  being  constructed,  he  explored 
the  Saguenay  and  also  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  where  at  the 
site  of  a  future  city,  then  called  Quebec — an  Algonkin  word, 
meaning  a  narrowing — he  was  impressed  with  its  peculiar 
attractions,  and  decided  to  commence  a  settlement  there  at 
once.  The  decision  was  followed  directly  by  the  felling  of 
trees  and  the  erection  of  buildings.  Fortunatel)-,  a  few  days 
after  their  arrival  there,  it  was  revealed  to  Champlain  that  a 
plan  was  about  perfected  among  a  number  of  the  men  to 
assassinate  not  only  him  but  others  also,  and  then  conduct 
matters  as  they  might  choose.  By  a  cautious  and  prompt 
movement,  however,  four  of  the  ringleaders  were  placed  in 
irons,  and,  after  a  trial,  one  was  hanged  and  the  others  sent 
to  France  for  further  treatment. 

One  of  the  vessels  sailed  for  France  in  September,  but 
Champlain  remained  to  spend  the  winter  with  the  little 
colony  at  Quebec.  That  winter,  however,  was  one  of  sick- 
ness and  death;  fiom  an  exclusively  salt  diet  they  were 
attacked  with  the  scurvy,  and  twenty  out  of  the  twenty- 
eight  had  died  before  winter  had  disappeared.  Of  the 
Indians  in  the  neighborhood  also,  many  died  from  starvation, 
for  Champlain  could  only,  from  his  limited  supplies,  afford 
slight  relief.     But  spring  at  length  succeeded  that  winter  of 


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SAMUKI,    DK    l'I[.\Mi'f,AIN. 


I  I 


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)  ; 


dcatli,  and  in  June,  Grave  again  appeared  with  a  vessel  in 
the  St.  Lawrence. 

Champlain  now  prepared  to  carry  out  his  plans  for  explor- 
ing the  interior.  A  fierce  war  was  then  existing  between  the 
Algonkin  tribes  of  the  north  and  the  great  Iroquois  confed- 
eracy of  the  region  now  called  New  York.  It  was  proposed 
to  Champlain  by  the  Indians,  in  consideration  of  services  to 
be  rendered  him  in  his  travels  as  guides,  interpreters,  and 
canoe-men,  that  he  should  aid  them  in  their  battles  with 
their  enemies,  the  Iroquois.     To  this  he  consented. 

Whether  or  not  it  was  wise  for  Champlain  to  conclude 
such  a  treaty  with  his  newly-found  red  friends  may  at  least 
be  questioned.  I  do  not,  however,  believe  with  Mr.  George 
Geddes  that  "  but  for  the  mistake  of  Champlain,  and  the 
unwise  treatment  of  the  Five  Nations  that  followed,  the  ctqv- 
ernment  of  the  continent  would  tve  fallen  to  the  Fiench 
rather  than  to  the  English."  Vet  the  consequences  resulting 
from  the  acceptance  and  ratification  of  the  agreement  referred 
to,  for  more  than  a  century  and  a  half  involved  a  multitude 
of  gory  witnesses;  it  was  a  most  unfortunate  precedent,  too 
readily  copied.  Torture,  human  blood,  and  human  scalps 
were  the  .seals  of  the  cruel  strife,  of  which  instances  by  the 
hundred  might  be  quoted.  The  governments  of  France  and 
Great  Britain  in  their  contests  for  dominion  Jielped  onward 
the  red-handed  crime. 

America,  after  breaking  loose  from  the  crown  of  Great 
Britain,  fell  heir  to  the  miseries  of  the  system  referred  to. 
In  the  WQrds  of  DeWitt  Clinton,  "The  whole  confederacy, 
except  a  little  more  than  half  of  the  Oneidas,  hung  like  the 
scythe  of  death  upon  the  rear  of  our  settlements,  and  their 
deeds  are  inscribed  with  the  scalping-knife  and  the  toinahawk 
m  characters  of  blood  on  the  fields  of  Wyoming  and  Cherry 
Valley,  and  on  the  banks  of  the  Mohawk." 


rt 


12 


SAMUEL    ])!•:   CHAMl'LAIN. 


I  need  not  recite  particulars  of  Champlain's  tour  of  that 
year,  1609,  accompanying  his  Indian  friends  upon  a  war 
excursion  against  their  enemies,  the  Iroquois,  farther  than  to 
say  that  he  then  discovered  the  lake  since  called  after  him; 
and  if,  as  he  seems  to  have  acknowledged,  he  then  introduced 
to  the  acquaintance  of  the  Indians  of  the  great  Iroquois 
league  the  fatal  effects  of  firearms,  by  killing  three  of  their 
chiefs,  it  was  not  the  most  unfortuna*^e  first  salutation  of  a 
deadly  agent  which  came  to  the  red  men.  That  same  year 
of  1609,  Henry  Hudson  sailed  up  the  river  which  received 
his  name.  On  that  occasion,  the  renowned  yet  baneful  fire- 
water was  pressed  upon  the  notice  of  the  savages.  Of  the 
two  Satanic  inventions,  gunpowder  and  whiskey,  the  last,  with 
its  numerously-named  congeners,  is  reasonably  believed  to 
Jiavc  been  the  most  destructive. 

Returning  to  Quebec,  Champlain  sailed  with  Grave  for 
France,  arriving  out  in  October.  Again  in  April  of  the  fol- 
lowing year,  16 10,  he  reached  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay. 
He  found  his  Indian  allies  had  in  view  another  expedition 
against  the  Iroquois,  and  the)'  again  desired  his  assistance. 
I  may  say  that  they  accordingly  attacked  a  party  of  the 
enemy,  who  were  located  near  the  mouth  of  the  Sorel;  and, 
as  in  the  previously-named  battle,  came  off  victors. 

Hearing  of  the  assassination  of  King  Henry  IV.,  with 
other  unwelcome  news  from  over  the  sea,  Champlain  left  for 
France,  arriving  there  in  September,  1 610.  During  this  visit 
a  contract  was  made  by  Champlain  with  the  parents  of 
Helene  Boule,  for  his  marriage  with  their  daughter ;  the 
nuptials,  however,  were  not  to  take  place  under  two  years. 
They  were  afterward  married,  and  she  accompanied  him  to 
Ouebec  some  years  later. 

In  the  year  161 1,  he  visited  the  St.  Lawrence,  but  returned 


SAMUEL    I)K   CIIAMI'LAIN. 


13 


In  the  autumn  of  that  year.  In  March,  161 3,  he  again  sailed 
from  France,  and  arrived  at  Tadoussac  in  April.  A  tour  up 
the  Ottawa  River  wa.s  soon  undertaken  by  Chaniplain.  The 
jnirposc  of  this  expedition  was,  in  great  part,  to  ascertain  if 
there  might  be  found  a  channel  and  shorter  way  to  the 
Pacific  and  the  famed  Catha\-.  Some  reports  which  hail 
been  told  to  Ciiamplain  led  to  strengthen  his  belief  in  and 
to  look  for  such  a  jjassage.  Chaniplain,  after  a  journcj-  of 
some  two  hundred  miles  from  the  .St.  Lawrence,  up  the  chan- 
nel and  over  the  portages  around  the  numerous  falls  of  the 
Ottawa,  reached  AUumette  Island  in  that  river.  Here  Cham- 
plain  raised  a  cross  of  cedar,  to  which  he  attached  the  arms 
i?r  rVance;  not  succeeding,  however,  in  the  main  purpose  of 
his  journey.  Returning,  he  embarked  for  France  the  same 
year,  and  where  he  remained  tlirough  the  year  1614,  making 
plans  for  the  success  of  his  colon}'. 

lie  was  particularly  impressed  witli  the  importance  of 
establishing  ''the  Christian  faith  in  the  wilds  of  America." 
J^y  his  efforts,  four  I^^-anciscan  friars  were  secured  for  such  a 
mission,  who  embarked'  with  himself  for  America  in  the 
s{)ring  of  161 5.  (Jne  of  them,  Joseph  LeCaron,  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  distant  Wyandotte  or  Huron  tribe  of  Indians, 
and  set  out  with  great  bravery,  knowing  nothing  as  he  did 
of  those  Indians  or  of  the  country  where  they  dwelt.  Cham- 
plain  also  soon  left  for  the  westward,  for  an  expedition  had 
been  already  planned  by  the  Indians  to  invade  the  countr}- 
of  the  Iroquois,  and  the  power  of  Chaniplain  and  the  deadly 
arquebus  v.'as  needed  to  accompany  them  to  their  eneni)''s 
stronghold  south  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Going  up  the  Ottawa,  Champlain  took  a  roundabout  way 
to  reach  Central  New  York,  but  he  was  piloted  by  the 
Indians,  who  doubtless  had  an  axe  or  rather  a  tomahawk  of 


!| 


H 


SAMUKf-    I)K   ClIAIwI'LAIN. 


some  kind  to  ^r'md,  and  so  they  leil  him  to  their  place  of 
abode.  A  part  of  the  route  up  the  Ottawa  Champlain  had 
traveled  before;  now,  still  farther,  he  passed  via  Lak-e  Nepis- 
s]iv^  and  French  River  into  the  (Georgian  Hay  of  Lake  Huron. 
Jhis  course  by  the  Ottawa  was  the  old  canoe-route  of  after- 
years,  the  route  of  the  fur-trader's  goods  from  Montreal  to 
Mackinac  and  the  upper  lakes.  But  if  it  was  the  shortest 
channel  to  the  Northwest,  it  was  yet  a  hard,  back-breaking 
road  to  travel;  its  numerous  uprisint^  portages  and  rough 
paths,  which  none  but  the  famed  and  hardy  Canadian  voya- 
geurs,  those  toiling,  yet  uncomplaining  and  merry  amrur  dis 
hois,  would  endure,  each  carrying  the  ninety  pounds  of  pack, 
box,  or  cask,  whenever  the  vessel  and  cargo  must  take  fD 
the  land. 

When  the  canoe  of  Champlain  inished  into  Lake  Huron 
it  was  the  farthest  point  westward  yet  visited  by  any  white 
man  within  the  basin  of  the  Great  Lakes.  The  statement  in 
several  historical  works  of  Michigan,  that  Champlain  or  any 
other  I'^uropean  visited  the  site  of  Detroit  before  that  date, 
Jul}',  1615,  is  certainly  an  error.  The  priest  LeCaron  was  a 
few  days  earlier  than  Champlain  in  the  neighborhood  of  Lake 
Huron,  at  a  large  Indian  village,  but  that  was  not  by  the 
lake,  and  we  are  not  advised  that  he  came  within  sight  of  it. 
From  the  vicinity  of  the  north-east  shore  of  Lake  Huron, 
with  only  a  portion  of  the  force  of  savages  expected  to  com- 
prise the  invading  army,  Champlain  now  passed  by  way  of 
Lake  Simcoe  and  various  small  lakes,  the  River  Trent,  and 
Bay  of  Ouinte;  and  whether  he  went  out  above  or  below  the 
Isle  of  Tonti,  the  name  of  which  has  been  stupidly  changed 
to  Amherst  Island,  he,  the  first  of  white  men,  now  glided 
over  the  waters  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Coasting  along  the  east  shore  in  part  and  partly  on  foot 


SAMIKI,    hi,    <  IIAMI'l  .\l\. 


upf)n  the  saiul)'  beach  of  thi'  lake,  and  after  secretin;^  their 
canoes  in  the  \v(kk1s  mar  tlu-  shori:,  tiie  invaders  struck  into 
the  forest,  and  went  soutliward  fro:ii  some  point  in  the  pres- 
ent county  of  ( )su'e[;(),  N.\'.  Whether  the  fortress  sou^dit 
was  at  (^nondai^a  Lake,  as  bdiexed  l)\-  the  late  Hon.  O.  II. 
Marshall,  or  upon  a  pond  in  the  count}'  of  Madison,  as  con- 
fidentially ur^ed  by  (ien.  Clark,  the  jjost  of  the  eneni)-  was 
reacheil  in  (.\i\c  time,  and  the  .-.ie;^fe  of  a  rather  uncommonly 
stroULj  Indian  stockade  bej^an  After  considerable  time  spent 
in  the  investment,  ami  some  hours  of  fierce  contest,  the 
attackint;  Imlians  lost  their  patience,  and  concluded  to  aban- 
don tlu'  enterprise.  Chamijlain  had  endeaxoreil  to  direct 
ami  ;^uide  them  in  the  attack,  but  the  thin<^  was  impossible; 
the}'  were  an  unmanaLjeable,  boisterous  crowd  of  ruftlans, 
with  no  purpose,  it  would  seem,  be}'ond  the  gratification  of 
cruelty  and  revenge. 

However  intcrestinf;-  this  maraudiuLj  adventure  ma}'  be  con- 
sidered as  a  matter  of  histor}',  and  thouijh  the  invading 
Indians,  with  Champlain's  assistance,  had  suffered  much  less 
than  the  besieged,  it  was  a  bootless  expedition.  The  fortress 
was  not"  taken,  and  Champlain  was  wounded  in  the  leg. 

The  retreating  ami}'  now  returned  to  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Ontario;  but  the  Indians  were  unwilling  to  give  Champlain 
an  escort  down  the  St.  Lawrence,  ami  the  result  was  he  was 
obliged  to  follow  them  to  the  interior  ami  pass  a  winter  in 
their  wigwams.  It  was  summer  in  the  following  }'ear,  1616, 
before  Champlain,  who  was  accompanietl  b}-  the  missionary 
LeCaron,  reached  Ouebec,  where  they  found  Grave  from  over 
the  sea,  and  with  whom  they  embarked  for  France  in  the 
month  of  Jul}'.  In  1617,  and  also  in  1618,  Champlain  visited 
New  France,  but  returned  to  the  fatherland  each  of  those 
}'ears.      He  desired  something  more  for  his  country  than   a 


i6 


SAMUKL   DK   (.  IIAMI'I.AIN. 


mere  tradin^^-post  on  the  St.  Lawrence.  To  quote  the  words 
of  Rev.  l-:diniind  F.  Slaftcr:  "He  was  anxious  to  elevate  the 
meagre  factory  at  Quebec  into  the  dignity  of  a  colc.iial  plan- 
tation." *  Without  doubt  he  had  to  .stru<ifjle  with  the  avarice 
of  a  company  which  cared  little  for  New  France  beyond  its 
own  profits  in  furs.  Hut  Champlain  enlisted  official  aid,  and 
by  |rovernment  appointment  was  made  lieutenant  of  the  vice- 
roy of  New  France,  which  last-named  dignitary  was  the  Uuke 
de  Montmorenci,  high  admiral  of  F>j\nce. 

Champlain  sailed  for  America,  accompanied  by  his  wife,  in 
1620.  His  time  was  now  occupied  at  Quebec  during  the 
four  ensuing  years,  energetically  attending  to  the  building  of 
various  structures  and  other  duties;  yet  we  learn  that  he  had 
to  endure  not  a  few  annoyances  and  discouragements. 

In  1624,  with  his  wife  he  sailed  for  France,  arriving  there 
in  October.  In  April.  1626,  he  again  left  France  for  the 
St.  Lawrence.  This  was  h'\s  eleventh  voyage  across  the 
Atlantic    to    this    river,   besides    one    to    the  coast    of    New 

Flngland. 

A  new  association  in  place  of  the  former  company  was 
organized  by  the  Cardinal  Richelieu,  the  able  prime-minister 
of  France,  a  friend  of  Champlain.  The  prospect  to  Cham- 
plain seemed  now  more  promising  for  his  great  purpose  of 
French  colonization.  Hitherto  as  a  colony  his  settlement 
had  not  prospered.  We  are  told  that  at  no  time  had  its 
numbers  exceeded  fifty  persons;  and  what  seems  strange,  so 
unlike  our  own  prairie  pioneers,  that  for  a  period  of  twenty 
years  but  one  family  of  the  colony  attempted  to  gain  a  living 
by  cultivating  the  soil. 

*  To  Rev.  Edmund  F.  Slafler  I  am  indebted  for  many  facts  used  in  this 
Paper,  found  in  his  Comprehensive  Memoir  of  Champlain,  published  in  tlie 
Prince  Society  papers. 


SAMIJKI,    I>K   CIIAMI'I.AIN. 


"7 


I  do  not  afjrcc  with  Mr.  iJcCosta,  thut  "but  /or  a  head- 
wind when  off  Cape  Cod,  salMn^  southward  in  1605,  Cham- 
phiin  mi^jht  have  reached  the  Hudson,  and  instead  of  plant- 
uv^  Port  Royal  in  Nova  Scotia,  he  nii{^lit  have  cstabHshed  its 
foundations  on  Manhattan  Island,  and  that  this  would  have 
made  the  ^'reatest  city  in  America  a  French  city." 

Hut  1  will  here  take  the  occasion,  parenthetically,  to  make 
the  (juery,  li.///  it  was  that  l'*rench  colonization  in  America 
has  been  comparatively  a  failure .'  May  the  answer  be  yiven 
that  it  is  a  national  characteristic  to  be  averse  to  becoming 
agricultural  pioneers  .'  Or  may  it  have  been  occasioned  by 
the  restrictive  laws  and  feudal  tenure  which  came  with  them 
from  the  fatherland  .'  Else  was  it,  as  some  claim,  the  result 
of  superstitious  and  biijoted  religious  teaching,  hampering 
the  freedom  of  mind  and  person  .' 

Ouebec  was  founded  in  160S,  and  New  I-'rance  had  the 
opportunity  of  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  before 
it  finally  resigned  in  favor  of  Great  Ikitain.  A  hundred  and 
fifty  years  from  the  settlement  of  New  I'lymouth  had  fitted 
the  descendants  of  those  settlers  for  self-government  and  the 
opening  drama  of  the  Revolution. 

We  believe  that  Champlain  and  other  French  explorers 
were  men  of  broad,  practical  views,  and  their  plans,  embrac- 
insf  the  settlement  of  the  vast  and  fertile  basin  of  the  great 
Lakes  and  valleys  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Mississippi,  may 
certainly  be  termed  grand;  yet  the  genius  of  the  French 
nation,  indeed  of  any  Latin  nation,  was  not  fitted  to  the 
task.     Sterile  New  England  was  peopled  by  another  race. 

The  remaining  few  years  in  the  life  of  Champlain  may  be 
briefly  alluded  to :  War  had  broken  out  between  France  and 
Great  Britain,  and  a  British  fleet  appeared  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence in  1628;  but  it  was  not  until  July  of  the  following  year 


iS 


SAMLl.l.    UK   til  A  Ml' LAIN. 


that  serious  demonstration  was  made  a|^^'li^st  the  post  of 
Oiicljec,  wliicli  was  then  obliged  to  surrender  to  a  Mritish 
force.  Champhun  was  taken  to  ICn^land,  l)ut  as  a  peace  had 
been  arran^^ed  even  before  Ouebec  had  been  taken,  he  was 
allowed  to  ^o  to  France,  and  Ouebec  was  restored  to  l-rench 

rule. 

In  March,  1633,  Champlain  made  his  last  departure  from 
France,  bein^  a^ain  appointed  governor;  ami  he  arrived  at 
Ouebec  in  May.  lie  was  greeted  with  demonstrations  of 
great  affection,  for  he  was  much  beloved  by  his  people,  in 
the  fort  at  Ouebec.  December  25.  1635.  after  an  illness  of 
several  months,  Champlain  died.  Somewhere  within  what 
is  now  the  court-\ard  of  Ouebec  jjost-office  his  remains  lie 
buried;  this  much  has  been  satisfactorily  proven,  yet  the 
exact  spot  is  unknown.  It  does  not  appear  that  Champlain 
had  chiklreii.  His  widow  entered  a  convent,  and  afterward 
foundeil  a  religious  institution  in  which  she  herself  subse- 
quently (.ntered  as  a  nun.     She  died  in  1654. 

We  will  close  this  meagre  sketch  b\'  ([noting  the  following 
from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Shifter,  regarding  the  eminent  explorer: 

"He  was  wise,  modest,  and  judicious  in  council;  prompt, 
vigoriXis,  and  practical  in  administration;  simple  and  frugal 
in  his  mode  of  life;  persistent  and  unyielding  in  the  execu- 
tion of  his  plans;  brave  and  valient  in  danger;  unselfish, 
honest,  and  con.scientious  in  the  discharge  of  duty." 

[The  portrait  of  Champlain  was  here  unveiled.] 

It  would  have  been  rather  a  singular  circumstance,  at  the 

of  the  early  settlers  of  New  FLngland, 
ber.  one  of  the  Puritans  or  Pilgrims,  to 


time  o 


f  i\u 


andmt 


lor  one  o 


f  th 


eir  num 


have  volunteered  to  memorize  as  praiseworthy  the  name  of 
any  prominent  personage  connected  with  the  Roman  Catholic 


f 


SAMUKl.    in;   <  !l  Wiri.MN. 


19 


(luircli;  but  si>nu'  thinfjs  seem  to  have  changed,  .ind  ue 
trust  somewhat  improvetl  since  that  day,  and  here  this  e\in- 
iii;^  is  a  painted  portrait  of  the  distinguished  navi^Mtor  of 
whom  I  h.ivc  spoken,  copiid  by  a  nativi-  of  the  west  coast 
<)f  I.ake  Michigan,  a  protestant  ilaui^hter  of  the  ei^htli  ^'eii- 
eration,  in  (Ureet  descent  from  Priscilla  of  the  Maylhtwer, 
who  is  rather  a  [)rominent  tij^ure  m  Longfellow's  [)oem,  "The 
Courtship  of  Miles  Standish,"  .md  who,  in  December,  1620, 
left  the  labin  of  the  famous  vessel  just  nameil,  and  stepped 

"()n   the  wild   \eu  I'Jif^land  shore." 

We  shall  not  soon  format  that  the  I'il^rinis  arrived  in  1620, 
but  it  is  well  also  to  remember  that  Champlain  with  his 
vessel  spent  a  day  in  IMymouth  harbor  fifteen  years  before. 

This  paintin^f,  intended  as  a  copy  of  one  of  the  ent^ravcd 
portraits  of  C'hami)lain  by  Moncornet,  as  it  ajjpears  in  a 
\olume  of  the  Prince  Society  publications,  together  with  the 
frame  enclosini^  i*:  (which  frame  is  not  altogether  w  ithout  a 
story,  as  may  be  seen  on  page  So  of  the  volume  known  as 
"Chicago  iVntitiuities"),  I  beg  to  present  tt)  the  Chicago 
Historical  Society  in  behalf  of  Miss  llariiet  !'.  llurlbut. 


C  H  I  ( ■  A  ( ;  O  : 

IHK(;iS    I'NINIIM.    liiMI    \SV. 


pi}*H^'  '• 


hull*  Ihic 


ClIlCACOAXTIoriTH-S: 


COMI'KISINd 


oUK'INAI,  ll'KMS  ANI>  KKI.AI'IONS,  I.KI' IKRS,  I'.XIKAt  IS,  A\l»  NulKS 


I'l'.K  IAIN  IMl    In 


EARLY  CHICACO: 


i:  Mill:  Ml  ^11  ID  wii  It 


VIKWS.  I'ORTRyMTS,  A  UTOC,  K  Al' IIS,  P/IC. 


II V 


111-:NRY    II.   IIURLIUJT. 


It  is  tliL'  most  complete  history  yet  written  of  early  C'hica^io; 
llie  i)ool<  will  be  fouml  of  abouiulimj  interest,  not  only  to  the  ol<l  settlers  ami 
their  descendants,  l.ul  to  the  larger  class  of  modern  Chieajjoans,   who  equally 
love  and  helieve  in  its  present  and  prospective  greatness.  — r///V(/v('  //'/'•'-  Ocraii. 


This  volume  will  be  sent,  express  charges  paid,  to  those  who  may 
order  it.      Price,  $7.50,  C.  O.  D.      Address 

Miss  HATTIE  P.  HURLBUT, 

44  South  Ann  Street,  Chicago,  111. 


V 


F  K  R  C;  I  S '    H  I  » TCJ  R  I  C  A  I^    S  K  R  I  E S 

Ki     .A'l  IM.     I'll 

<-|||<'A<;<>    A  >i  I»     I  I\.I.I  >•  <>!M. 


I. 

2. 

3- 
4- 
5- 
6. 

7. 
9- 

10. 

II. 

12. 


13- 

14. 


15 

16 

17 

18 
19 

20 
21 

22 


23 
24. 

25- 
26. 


27. 
28. 


Annals  of  Chicago.     .\  I  ■    nnt' li\   |ii-i|ili  ,\.   I'.aloiicr,  \.^i\..     $ 
Chicago  Directory  for  1835      Skrlih  >>i  «  iiy.     I!y  Kol-crt  I't-it^iis, 
The  ^^ast  of  the  llHnois;   Origin  of  the  Prairies.     J    i ).  (aloii, 
Slavery  in   Illinois.      Ily  I  .mi.   William  II.   Ilrouii  nl  (  liicai^o. 
Early  Settlers  of  Chicago.  Sketcheo.    Tail  I.     Ily  \\ .  II.  liii^liiR-ll, 
i^arly  Settlers  of  Chicago.  Sketches.     I'art  11. 
8.      Early  Chicago.      Two  I  0  turc-.  Iiy  ji'lm  \\  tiUuinlii,  I.I,.  !>.,  lmcIi, 
Future  of  Chicago,  liy  llcn.y  liiovMi;  Its  Rise  and  Prog. ess,  l)y 

Jaiiu-.  .\.   .Mar>h:ill;  Chicaf.o  in  1836,  by  iianirt  Marliiicau, 
Addresses  Read  before  Chicago  Historical  Society, 
Early  Medical  Chicago.     I'.y  jaiiu-  \L'\in>  llyilo.  .\.M.,  M.l'., 
Illinois  in  the  i8th  Century.     Kaskaskia  and  its  Parish  Re- 
cords ;  Old  Fort  Chartre  i ;  Col,  John  Todd's  Record  Book. 
kiail  lie, till' ilij  ( '|ii(.-at;o     'i>l.  ,Si)c.      l!y  VAw.  (J.  .MaM)ii,  I'-^l., 
Recollections  of  Early  Illinois.     IJy  l!on.  juscpli  (iiik'sjiic, 
The  Earliest  Religious  History  of  Chicago;   Early  History  of 
Illinois;    Early    Societ;/    in    Southern   Illinois;    Reminis- 
cences of  the  Illinois  ?iar  Forty  Years  Ago;    First  Mur- 
der Trial  in  Iroquois  C  ).  for  the  First  Murder  in  Cook  Co. 
Lincoln,  by  I  bin.  I.  N.  Ann     1;  Douglas,  by  las.  W.  Slicalian,  l^s(|. 
Early  Chicago     Fort  De,ir'>orn.     IJy  Joliii  \\Vii! worth,  1,1..  1)., 
William  B.  Ogden ;  and    l^Iarly  Days,     iiy  Ibm.   I.  X,  Arnold, 
Chicago  River-and-Harbr  r  Convention,  July,  1847.  Comiiilcd,    i 
Reminiscences  of  Early  Chicago.     I!y  Charles  (  kavor,  l'>i|,, 
-A  Winter  in  the  West,      lyt  .   Iciiiio  Holtniaii,  Iv-(|.      I'uitrail, 
John  Dean  Caton,  1,1  „li.,   .'x-Cliief-|ustice  df  111.,  .Skckli  of. 
Early  Chicago  and  the  Illir.ois  Bar,  by  Ildii.  1.  N.  Anidid;  Early 
Bench  and  Bar  of  Centrel  Illinois,  liy  lion.  |as.  C.  (.'unkliii!;  (if 
Sprinu'lield,    III,;    The  La  vyer  as  a  Pioneer,  by  Hon.  'I'lionias 


-.1 
-:5 


-3 
J  5 


50 
50 


.so 

75 
40 

,00 

-5 
^o 

25 


Hoyiu'.      I'art   I.      ioS|). ;  .Svo.,    75       I'.oyal  Svo.  ( liai-Ass.  Ivl,), 
Early  Illinois  Railroads.     I'-y   Win.   K.  Ackcniian,  etc. 
Hon.  John  Wentworth's  Congressional  Reminiscences. 
Chicago  Business  Directory  for  1846.     I'y  J.  W.  Norris,  etc.. 
Aborigines  of  the  Ohio  Valley,    liy  Win.  II.  Harrison,  I'res't  V.  S. 

.\.iifs  by  lldw.  I'.verett,     Speeches  delivered  at  I't.  Wayne,  Sept. 

.(,    11,  by  Indian  chiefs;  al  1  ,  Manners  and  Customs  of  N.-W. 

Indians.  tVom  .M.SS.  sii])|)o-ed  to  be  written  by  (apt.  Win.  Wells. 
The  Indians  of  Illmois  and   Indiana.     I'.y  H.  W.  Uetkwitli, 
Chicago  Directory,  1843.     . revised  and  corrected,  etc.     ///  J'ref.<. 


00 

75 
50 


50 

50 
,00 


Reception  to  the  Settlers  of  Chicago -prior  to  1840,  by  the  (aluinet 

Club,  .May  27,  lS7().  Coiii|iiled  by  Hon.  jolin  \\'eiit\vortli,  50 
My  Own  Times,  liy  jolin  Reynoids,  iate  ( iov.  o(  Illinois,  etc.  I'<^itrait,  7.50 
Pioneer  History  of  Illinois.  I,y  (iov.  joliii  Reynolds.  ///  J'irss.  5.00 
Martyrdom  of  (I '.,  I'. )  Lovejoy;  tlic  Life,  Trials,  etc.  I!y  Henry 'Tanner.  2.00 
English  Settlement  in  Edwards  Co.,  111.  liy  ( ieo.  T  lowvi-.  I'orlraits,  5,00 
Sketch  of  Enoch  Long,  an    Illinois   Tioneer,      Tortrait.  2.cx) 

The  Edwards  Papers.  I'ortiaits  of  (Iov.  X.  lulwards  and  lianiel  I'. 
(  Ook,  and  10  fac•^ilnile  (l,,liogra;ilH'il)  letters,  T'.diled  by  Hon. 
v..  I!.  W.i>hburne.     (loth,  Svo.,  ()j;4  pp.      1SS4.  6.(X) 

.Any  of  ihc  .ibiivc  Im-.iks  scut  by  mail  !•    ,iny  part  <if  the  l'.  S.,  pjstpaiil,  on  receipt  uf  price 

liy  the  piililishcr.s. 


IV,   20tll,    1SS5. 


l<"'«»i-«'iij«i  1>i>iiiliiij;>,*  Co.,  C'lii<*!»{a,*<*« 


